FX rate in Vietnam

If you have been following the Vietnamese market recently, you will see that the State Bank has raised interbank USD/VND rate (official midpoint ) dramatically to 3% but still keep the band of 3%. Typically, banks and financial institutions operating in Vietnam have to follow state bank’s regulation on FX. Accordingly, they must transact FX deals within the variance band of interbank rate that SBC announces daily.

Earlier in November, there were a number of rumors on the issue that State Bank would lift USD/VND variance band to 5% from 3%, which is due to the heating foreign exchange free market. The USD/VND rate transacted in the black market was higher at 5% than the interbank rate. Rumors of such change in the foreign exchange band is driving the market.

Basically, a flexible foreign exchange rate is necessary for the economy amid recent economic turmoil. However, the change in this time becomes sensitive. Perhaps, the Vietnamese Dong devaluation is based on inherent attributes of the economy such as weaker export industry, or economic stimulation from huge money amounts injected into the economy. However, a key factor led to this situation is rumors and speculation.

The State bank's expectation of better liquidity foreign exchange rate could be not realized by the adjustment in the USD/VND interbank rate. But, speculators think that this action from State Bank shows a sign that Vietnam Dong could be continued to devalue in the short time. So, speculators don't want to sell USD out in the short term. Again, this leads to the shortage of USD in the market. In return, foreign exchange rate could be higher. Therefore, I raise a call that there would be another devaluation of Dong in the next time.

*edited by Alexander Lê

Entry for 1/06/09

Currencies:

Is the sterling finding support against the dollar?

Since New Years eve I had opened a short position on the GBP/USD, a pre-emptive attempt prior to the "supposed" rate cut that will bring the UK to its lowest level of interest rates with in the 315 years as the media portrays it. Interestingly enough it would seem on the 60 minute chart we are seeing short term bullish patterns forming. This is a possible indication of the markets have priced in such a dramatic change such as an interest rate cut. If this is surely the case, perhaps a opening such a short so early might have been a bad idea. Opening a short right before the Central Banks decision would have been most appropriate since there would only be the initial drop (weakening of the GBP) before resuming a bullish trend if market sentiment is more bullish. This past week in general, the first week of 2009, I have noticed increased levels of bullish sentiment in the US equity markets. Correlated to this is the rise in the dollar in many of the Major pairs. My point in general is that the new year has hailed in some bullish sentiment, though I doubt this is not sustainable. Fundamentally the economic situation has not changed much, so even if the GBP/USD is indeed in a upward bullish trend it is probably something that will only be seen on the weekly charts. I have not been trading on technicals since the New Years Eve, though however Bollinger Band analysis could confirm such a temporary change in trend. The obvious volume and momentum indicators could be useful as well if one worked with these indicators often in relation specifically to the GBP/USD pair. However, I have decided to ignore more in-depth technials in the mean time and just focus on fundamentals and macro trends and sentiment. However, if I were not paper trading I would of course include all forms of analysis.

basic technical analysis:

If volume is strong enough with a break in resistance of 1.476 the GBP/USD could rally much higher at the end of the week. However it is most likely we will see a battle between the bulls and bears which we will see much indecisiveness towards the end of the week, and more likely we will see where the trend will be in 3rd week of January. In addition, if price levels were far extended beyond 2 deviation BB (which I have not looked at) any bullish price movements would be supported by this (look to weekly chart to confirm this). Based alone on the basic technical analysis I would say the trend would most likely go up based off bullish pattern formation such as higher highers and higher lows the past week(this is not including volume analysis).

(For those more interested in depth analysis in pattern analysis one can consider possible head and shoulder bottom reversal on the monthly chart (roughly 11/20/2008 to 12/31/08). Current prices moves from new years onward can be seen as flag and pennant continuations or possible formation of ascending triangles support a bullish move to neckline resistance on the head and shoulder reversal pattern... for you super bulls you could even develop your price target at around 1.65 based off this pattern, which would be inline with 1.65 resistance)

Sentiment:

However, what can be worrying for a bullish model based of technical analysis is sentiment. Today I noticed that the US equity markets closed in the red. Considering this is the beginning of the week, this could possibly mean that past weeks bullish sentiment is ending, though it may possibly be that last week bull's are just taking some gains and bullish sentiment will carry through the week. One would would have to look to the equity future markets more carefully to see where sentiment will be for the week. If sentiment is truly bullish, people trading weekly charts could benefit from long positions. The next 2-3 weeks can be bullish weeks.

Fundamentals:

Macro considerations:

I would say any risks to a bullish model would be overall economic conditions. Those trading longer term charts would probably want to consider cutting back on some of their GBP/USD positions or hedging them considering strong arguments for short term bullish moves. Overall based on fundamentals, ignoring the extendedness of the GBP/USD on the monthly chart, the pound should still be in a downward trend.

Evidence as follows:

1. Credit markets are still stale as ever, less room for business to grow
2. Continued loosening job market, today i saw that Marks & Spencers decided to cut another 1,000 jobs, which leads me to my next point...
3. Consumption: despite a holiday boost, the fact that a company such as Marks & Spencers has to cut jobs truly shows a weakening of consumer willingness to support the economy. The reason I point out Marks & Spencers is that it is usually considered for middle class shoppers, and if middle class shoppers are getting hurt, this only leaves the upper class to support consumption and considering the percentage of rich to middle class and poor, it provides a bleak out look for consumption. Any models that say the middle class can continue to support economic growth should be abandoned as that may have possibly only been the case for 2007 and early half of 2008.
4. Rate cuts from Central Banks: The US interest rates are at an all time lows and the UK central Bank is planning on following suite.

All these fundamentals are the factors that are going to be driving a continued downward trend.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, I would have to say that the next 2-3 weeks will be bullish for the GBP/USD considering sentiment can remain positive. However, if the next 2-3 has some bad economic reports or we have some more surprise job cuts, or if more financial companies show further signs of distress, then I would say price of the GBP/USD should remain around the same levels of the past week (around 1.45). Though, I believe that that sentiment will not be totally killed as much of the bad news will be priced in and I do believe we will see bullish moves within the next 2 weeks, we will definitely see prices hitting around 1.49 vs the current 1.46.

However, for the first quarter 2009, I would still say that the GBP/USD will remain weak and in downward trend.


****
For those of you who are trading charts longer than monthly charts, one can ignore what was discussed above and call long term support seen from 2001, and say that the charts are way over extended due to the financial crisis and maintain long position from here. This definitely would be popular for currency managers who agree with the media in that there may be economic recovery in the second half of 2009 leading to recovery in further years... though I would not personally subscribe to this long term trading idea as there are too many economic uncertainties that may take a few years to play out, such as restructuring of the financial sector and political impacts yet to be seen.
****


Brief on other currencies:

Of my other open positions, my best calls were shorts on EUR/USD from new years eve, and going long on the AUD/USD from new years eve. Though I had one really bad call long on the USD/JPY from new years eve, which I closed yesterday.

Another day to talk about a different currency...

End of the year 2008

Unfortunately I've missed quite a bit of time blogging.

However, it is always interesting when you take a break from intensely following the markets. All the changes in the markets seem much more exaggerated and certainly can bring new insight that one might miss by getting caught up in daily events.

Oil

One of the events that sticks out to me the most was the rapid drop in oil prices. Considering I was trading oil securities back in October (which i have yet to post my final trading results) the speed at which crude oil feel is quite shocking. If one were to consider that long term oil charts were in an overall down trend, and that macroeconomic fundamentals were weak; this move may not be surprising at all. Even if an analyst were to consider oil prices from an equities perspective, if industries heavily on oil were expecting poor earnings or even if one were to follow the general job market could have all found support for shorts on oil. Considering these events separate or connected all still shows evidence of continued falling oil prices, but this may all seem quite useless since everything is clearer in retrospect. Though, one can take this experience and apply it to future analysis.


Currencies

There is much to blog about currencies, I will briefly summarize some major pairs. Prior to 2008 the EUR/USD from around 2005 to July of 2008 was when the trend changed. July 2008 seems to be a break in trend for most pairs. The pair trended downward for the whole year until about December when it almost returned prices levels of the beginning of the year. This would not be a surprise if one were closely following weekly charts. Another chart that experienced a similar pattern is the AUD/USD ( upward trend prior to 08/2008 then a reverse trend in 12/08) except price levels did not return to similar levels of the beginning of the year. what worries me is that many other major pairs are just as extended as the EUR/USD and the AUD/USD however have yet to change downward trend. However, into 2009 i certainly expect most major trends to reverse from downward pattern. Weather it be a whipsaw or a true change in trend will depend on economic situations.

I feel that from a brief look at the economy, if there is any reverse trends in major pairs it would have to be temporary considering the job markets, which will probably also strongly affect the equity markets and in turn also major equity indexes. Unfortunately I do not have much more time to explain all of this as I must catch up on other works for school...

S&P500

Lastly I will briefly mention the S&P500, the past 3 months have not been to surprising, though if one were trading the actually index it would be quite a ride as I myself did not do too well trading S&P500 futures. Price movements in the shorter term charts (1 year charts) seems to show bullish patterns of possible support and serious of higher highs and higher lows.


Quick Close for 2008

I would like again to emphasize, such movements of upward bullish moves in currency markets (reverse trends in EUR/USD and AUD/USD) along with short term bullish formations in the S&P500 shows that economy does not equate to financial markets. Though as I have mentioned before in bear markets the correlation between economic activity and financial market is stronger. If one can find more divergence between financial markets and economic data might suggest changes in trend and/or sentiment. This might lead to enough evidence to use a contrarian approach to trade in the first quarter 2009.

Entry for 10/29/08

As usual, I do like to comment on the Fed Reserve. I must say again, I am disappointed in decision making policy coming from the US federal reserve. Another rash decision of cutting rates pushing rates to 1%, I find this quite rediculous. People argue the Fed is doing this for lidiquity I may give some leeway to that arguement, but I will not accept the fact that the Fed is doing this to "restore confidence" for investors. The Fed Reserve has strayed far from its jurisdiction to an extent, though, yes indeed this is systemic, but should they be taking the lead in trying to fix this mess we are ?

What needs to be changed is underlying fundmentals, real change in the structure of systems in place. All the systems need to be reassesed in order to find a better solution to the current "crisis" we are in. Dumping lots of money into markets with a bunch of skiddish investors will solve no problems. With a sound system in place that people can trust will take some what years to accomplish. I feel that many investors (middle class investors) have been scarred from event from the early 2000's, and feel they are reliving the past. Many pension funds and 401ks are taking hard hits, while some are holding cash now some are biting the bullet and waiting it out (though if there are a large number of people in cash positions, this may have large implications to come in the future, but I will have to discuss this later) After the 2000 crash, Sentiment probably wasn't restored about 2 and half years later after the crash as this is reflected in Fed Fund rate cuts shown against performance of the S&P500.

If one were to follow previous Fed policy in the past we will see that Janurary 3rd 2000, Fed Fund rate was cut from 6% to 5 and 1/2. Soon after that 1 about year later on Dec 11 Fed Funds rates were cut to 1 3/4. This was not even enough to restore confidence in investors as the S&P500 continued its slide all the way up until around march 2003. Prior to March before the S&P500 started its 4 and 1/2 - 5 year rally, the Fed Fund rate was cut to 1.00. Considering long trends, cutting rates so low was quite ineffective. Some will argue that Greenspan was at fault for our current situation from such policy decisions. Though, I do not suscribe to such a belief, there is some truth to it. From what I can tell 1.00 in the Fed Fund rate is way below the average (though I would have to calculate the averages from all the times the Feds Changed rates which the available data ranges from 1971 - 2008, which I have not done. Wheather or not this is an acurate average or a statistical blunder I am not sure, though Im sure we can pull some general truths from it). 1.00 is below the average and has been only seen at times when there have been crisis. If indeed, people want to believe that Greenspan is at fault for our current situation, I think everyone should be extremely worried now. Whereas in it took about 2 and half years to reach 1.00 Fed Fund rate from 6.00 from the 2000 crash. Bernake may manage to get rates from 5.25 June, 29 2006 (the begginings of the subprime problem)to 1.00 in 2.3 years. If one were to actually use the more dramatic effects of the credit crisis as a starting point, the rate at which bernake has cut rates has been much higher than greenspans cuts. Also, I would like to note that over the 2 and half years of cutting, the S&P500 has a more gradual down trend, while in 2006 to 2008 we have an uptrend, and then from the start of 2008 to october 2008 we have a sharp drop. The different trend patterns may suggest that one cannot compare the two crisis accurately in order to predict market performance. Though it is possible to gauge investor behavoir based of policy.

As we saw in the past crisis of 2000, investor confidence may not have been restored based off rate cuts and may have been something that needed to be fixed over time. This may suggest Bernake should not be cutting rates at this point, as it will be ineffective, in a matter of time fundamentals will improve themseleves. From a historical perspective Fed Fund rates at 1.00 maybe too much and something below the average (whatever that may calculated to be) and holding rates there might be more effective as it might stave off uncessary future crises since rates would not be extremely low at the point of causes future crises.

Though on considering the difference performances in the S&P500, such a fast drop in the index may mean a faster recovery. Though this will have to be examined at a different time...

** I will have to reorganize or summarize this later as my arguement may not be clear or organized well enough for comprehension.

Another quick morning update, it seems thats all i can be doing these days. Some interesting thing the index and energy markets. Since October 20 I've been short ICE brent and Gasoil. I've experienced about 3 whipsaws on the ICE brent though nothing major. I just want to mention that the recent whipsaw from the second OPEC meeting is superficial reasoning as to why this whipsaw occurred. It may seem like a fundamentalist excuse as to trying to explain the occurrence. I would attribute it to more of short sellers covering gains, or the recent jump in equity markets. I consider the equity argument to be more valid since that is what the majority of the world is watching now (whether it be central banks or opec). Financial market performance is leading many decisions on a policy basis. Though overall trend in my opinion is still down, though if the US Fed decision to cut rates actually does maintain any stability in the equity markets (which I highly dought), perhaps crude will trend side ways a bit before deciding a new direction.

I still maintained my short, As I am still participating in the BP trading challenge, had I not been, I would have considered increasing my position a bit. Though, since i could not afford in depth analysis, the risks out-wayed the returned as if I leveraged more capital, any small movements in teh wrong way would have knocked me way down in the ladder. Throughout the week Ive fluctuated from rank 15 - 20 out of 200 people or so. Luckily I've been able to maintain such a high rank on two short contracts only. I am surprised I was able to maintain such a tax effective discipline, though since I took such a conservative role, I did sacrifice some possible huge gains as there were at last 3 whipsaws that took large portions of my gains.

Last night before going to bed I lost quite a bit on my equity position, I was at highs of gains of 20,000 pounds, though at the time I was somewhere around 10 - 15,000 of gains from my SP500 futures contract. Luckily I had a nice stop, though I wouldn't say it was exceedingly tight but certainly prevented losses. I still made a decent profit of 5,000 pounds from a short position from oct 22 or so. Though, last night I was not convinced the trend was over, and re opened a short position which is still positively gaining now. Though i will have to watch the trend through out the day as it maybe just attributed to bulls taking short term gains.

Overall though, this has been good practice in trading longer term charts for me, as my prior experience in forex only allowed me to trade in short-term charts in a undisciplined fashion.

Just a quick post today, Ive been doing really well on two short positions on ICE brent and gasoil, along with a short on s&p500 futures, based off a quick analysis last night there is no need to cover as yet, though as the day progresses I will check to see if i need to adjust my positions. According to 3 period simple moving average analysis there was still downward momentum, this confirmed a squeeze in the BB of 2 standard deviations. I also used the RSI as seeing if the market was over sold. Considering the RSI I showed markets still have room to fall, though I would not weigh this indicator as heavily as others. The MACD showed large enough volume to accompany the recent falls in the markets. This still confirms the extremes bearish sentiment and poor fundamentals in the economy.

On another note, currencies, I made some great shorts on a few pairs tied with the dollar few days ago (AUD/USD, USD/JPY, EUR/USD) As I don't have time to go into the details I will briefly explain. Only a few of the them were based of shorter term chart analysis using 60 min charts, while others were inline with overall down trends. However, I closed my position short since there seems to be strong conflict on the monthly charts vs short term charts on all these pairs. The last time I've seen such a divergence was during the summer on the USD/JPY, which eventually lead to a piercing of lower 2 deviation BB, and a long term rally that lasted through the summer with highs hitting around 110. I will sit out on the currency markets for now and hold cash since these markets require much more constant monitoring vs S&P500 futures, or a down trending oil market.

Though, this may be interesting since I do feel currency markets are good future indicators since they are most liquid and 24 going. Any big moves in the currency markets maybe indicative of whats to come in other markets.

entrry for 10/22/08 - BP trading morning update

It seems that my over night position considerably increased. My logic was right in my two shorts, or at least it was echoed on the morning wireds as i read some headlines, "Crude Oil Falls as Waning Demand Outweighs Prospect of OPEC Cut," the article written this morning says that an OPEC may have already been "priced" in. This is exactly part of my reasoning for shorting brent and oilgas. I almost for got to mention, I only shorted oil gas as the charts showed a pretty tight correlation on the recent charts. If I do not know much about brent and energy trading, I know far less in terms of oil/gas other than that it is related to oilgas, and that it maybe tied closer to seasonality patterns. However, such news would make me want to watch my position closer as more people on the fence are now hopping to the bear camp. I get the feeling whipsaw maybe due soon, and that it may take a significant portion of my profits as i cannot hedge against adverse movements and I have no options for stops or limits, and I must be at school all day today. Let us prey to the oil gods that nothing to drastic happens today... (then again... these are commodities I'm talking about).

Hopefully tonight I will be able to reiterate today's happenings in a more organized manor.